Pursuant to the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) and FinCEN's efforts to modernize the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and to implement provisions of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (AML Act), FinCEN is proposing a rule to fundamentally reform the requirements for financial institutions' anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) programs. Among other changes, this proposed rule aims to ensure that financial institutions establish and maintain effective AML/CFT programs that better achieve the purposes of the BSA and lead to more effective outcomes for financial institutions as well as law enforcement and national security agencies. Through this rulemaking, consistent with its statutory authority as the administrator of the BSA, FinCEN is also proposing measures to modernize and reform Federal supervision of AML/CFT programs by enhancing FinCEN's role in AML/CFT supervision and enforcement in coordination with Federal banking regulators. In addition, FinCEN is proposing regulatory amendments to promote clarity and consistency across FinCEN's program rules for different types of financial institutions.